Monday, June 06, 2005

Women's voices


Different voices, one struggle.

Laxmi Murthy in the Times of India; Manufacturing Consent: Rape verdicts reflect social prejudice:

"What is it about rape that the judiciary cannot restrict itself to delivering verdicts about the guilt of the accused, but makes observations on the complainant's behaviour, her moral character and her marriage prospects? Three recent judgments are indicative of this disturbing trend; they reflect and legitimise a social prejudice against rape survivors".

Niranjana Harikumar in the Hindu; Yet another impotent rant:

"How innocuous sounding a word rape is when compared to its damning connotations! Beyond all the brutality and the physical violation of rape, it is the attitude toward the victim that confounds me".

C.S. Lakshmi in the Hindu; Planning public spaces:

"...This myth of the domestic space being safe for a woman has been broken so many times when cases of domestic violence and dowry deaths have been brought to public notice. And yet, cities and public spaces are planned in a way that does not take into account women occupying these public spaces as a matter of their right as citizens. When PUKAR, an organisation in Mumbai, began doing research on women and public space in a city, its researchers often walked into different police stations asking questions. One invariable reaction that they got from most of the police stations was why women should be out in the public space when they had no work there. And it is this attitude that is behind the way the rape of a minor girl in a police chowky in Marine Drive has been perceived. What was she doing there sitting in Marine Drive with two boys? This 'she asked for it' kind of attitude is one of the ways of pushing women out of the public spaces where they rightfully belong like anyone else and pushing them into private spaces where many think they ought to belong".

Gita Hariharan in the Telegraph (link via Uma); Victims’ Responsibility -- Patterns of violence against women in India:

"Making the victim responsible has served as an effective way to keep women out of large chunks of the world’s places and experiences. It has, over generations, instilled an amorphous fear in women, fear of what their bodies can cause. Male-dictated tradition has it, whether in history, literature or popular folklore, that women cause men to stray from the straight path. So ingrained is all this received wisdom in our society that it survives the onslaught of time, new ideas, even new ways of looking at women’s rights.

Despite appearances, there is, as always, hope, even in these dark times for Indian women. There is a little glimmer of hope to be found in the immediate and angry reaction of the nurse whose rapist proposed to her through a court of law. The nurse’s reaction pulls us back from dangerous nonsense about repentance and forgiveness culminating in marriage. “It’s like being raped for the second time,” she says. Her words bring us back to what has actually happened to a woman; to what can happen again. The bar girls have come together as the Bharatiya Bar Girls Union to fight for their right to a livelihood.

Women’s groups are, as always, working hard, not only to fight physical violence against women, but violence of a more insidious variety, the kind that delivers blows through ideas, beliefs, prejudice. But the uphill climb is futile if only women undertake it. It has to be a far more public hike, judges, policemen and scripture-men included".

Saturday, June 04, 2005

Four degrees of separation


This is a good time to thank all the great people whom I tagged; all their book-tag posts are up on their websites: Jaya, Kiran, Neelakantan, Ramnath, Suhail and Surya.

From Yazad, that is! So, I get book-tagged once via the Uma-Sunil-Charu route, and a second time, via the Amit-Quizman-Patrix route. These are the shortest routes; there is also this Amit-Michael-Sunil-Charu route. In any event, Yazad has certainly unleashed a serious virus. Well, here goes.

Total books I own: I would put the number at around 200.

Last book I bought: Three popular science books from our Campus Bookstore: Robert Ehrlich's Preposterous Propositions, Alexei Sossinsky's Knots: Mathematics with a Twist, and Roger Newton's Galileo's Pendulum: From the Rhythm of Time to the Making of Matter. Why did I buy them? Purely on impulse! I had no idea about these books, nor about the authors, at the time of buying them.

Last book I read: How Things Are: A Science Toolkit for the Mind, a collection of short essays by a whole bunch of great people (Richard Dawkins, Stephen Jay Gould, Freeman Dyson, Daniel Dennett, et al) who can explain great questions of science to non-experts. The two books that I read prior to this one were Bill Bryson's A Short History of Nearly Everything and Malcolm Gladwell's Tipping Point. As you can see, I am not quite current -- and with it! -- when it comes to books.

Books that mean a lot to me: This is a tough one.

  • Fiction: Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, my all time favourite. Recently, I read Mark Haddon's The curious incident of the dog in the night-time, a story told through the innocent voice of a 15-year old autistic boy, that brought back fond memories of Mockingbird, so I went back and read it again!
  • Biography/Memoirs: James Gleick's Genius (biography of Richard Feynman), and Kameshwar Wali's Chandra (bio of S. Chandrasekhar). Of course, I immensely enjoyed Richard Feynman's playful writing in Surely you are joking, Mr. Feynman! and his more mature writing (about the Challenger disaster, his first wife's death) in What do you care what other people think?
  • Pop science: Richard Dawkins' Selfish Gene
  • Pop psychology / Self-help: Martin Seligman's Authentic Happiness : Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Both are by academic psychologists, backed by solid research. A perennial favourite of mine -- for gifting, too -- is Stephen Covey's Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, a great book that describes a certain personal ethic that is worth working toward.
  • Tamil stories: The books that I have the best memories of are the Tamil stories that I read in my teens. Kalki's Ponniyin Selvan (Sunil blogged about Kalki recently) and Thi. Janakiraman's Amma Vandaal are still strongly etched in my memory. I used to be a great fan of 'Sujata', a very versatile and very prolific writer of short stories, novels, essays, plays. I still remember one of his novels (whose name eludes me right now) in which he is able to bring out the essential character of a cynic -- who thinks life has dealt him a bad deal indeed -- using this self-talk: 'Boy, why else would this guy [in front of me at the urinal] be peeing so many bucketfuls?'. Then, there is this very sensitive short story by Aadhavan (that I read while I was a graduate student, from a book a friend of mine borrowed from the UIUC library!), where a guy keeps thinking about his wife who was murdered by a servant, and ultimately realizes that she died a thousand deaths as his wife, starting from their very first night together ...

    You see, there are these wonderful stories in Tamil, that I read a long time ago, that remain so fresh in my memory, as if I just read them yesterday. But, but, ... I am not able to recall their names! It is this 'three degrees of separation' from them that gives me a haunting feeling ...

Oh, well. Now, on to the last part.

Tag some bloggers, to spread this virus: In alphabetical order by first name, here we go: Jaya, Kiran, Neelakantan, Ramnath, Suhail, Surya

Update: Amit has put together a list of bloggers who have made book tag posts.

About 1029 !


From the much maligned ToI: " There are about 1,029 AICTE-approved management institutions in India, but only the top 50 score in terms of brand value and job placements." Emphasis, of course, is mine.

Social Insurance


Ted Barlow of Crooked Timber hosts a personal mela, that he calls Speakers' Corner. The latest edition can be found here. I greatly recommend this "terrific basic-principles primer" on the need for social insurance by Mark Thoma, who has a blog called Economist's view.

While we are on the topic of social insurance, do take a look at Cosma Shalizi's views on what he calls the Great American Risk Shift, here and here.

The New York Times did a potentially Pulitzer winning series on 'Class in America' (sorry, no links! they are now behind NYTimes' paywall). There has been much blog commentary on this series; you might want to start with this post by Brad DeLong, and work your way up and down.

While all these posts are US-centric, many things said in them are fairly universal, and so, they should be relevant to issues such as class, inequality -- and yes, poverty -- in India.

Mela of melas


Saket 'Vulturo' Vaidya is hosting this week's Bharateeya Blog Mela (BBM). Charu will host the next one; so, leave your nominations there. Shivam Vij, who hosted it last week, tells us that there is now a BBM website.

Mela-type things are going on all over the place. I will just mention a couple of them from the science crowd here:

There is an interesting mela called Skeptics' Circle. The eighth mela was hosted by P.Z. Myers at Pharyngula. From this mela, I greatly recommend this speech posted on the Bad Astrononmy blog.

The latest edition of Tangled Bank, another science mela, covers some nice posts organized using the metaphor of a Natural History museum. Among the links here, there are two that I recommend: Andrew Jaffe's musings triggered by the latest book by Richard Feynman (isn't it amazing that his books keep appearing well after his death some 16 years ago?), and Bad Astronomy's (there he is, again!) use of 'framing' to suggest a suitable name for "someone who is not a scientist and does not practice the scientific method, but who does make extraordinary claims on little or no evidence, and discusses these claims using a veneer of scientific-sounding language".

One of the things that you will notice in both these melas is the number of posts that deal with pseudoscience (and in Bad Astronomer's words, antiscience). This is because of this uniquely American problem, created by a uniquely American brand of right wing: the Religious Right, that has been waging a relentless war to include 'creationism' (and, these days, its non-exclusive version called ID or 'intelligent design') in school science curricula. You might recall that Darwin's Origin of Species finds an honorable mention in the list of most harmful books selected by American conservatives. Therefore, scientists in the US -- and biologists, in particular -- are often in battle mode, tearing apart each new crank who comes along claiming some virtue or the other in favour of creationism or ID.

Thankfully, we don't have many such creationism-type or ID-type antiscientists here. We do have, on the other hand, our own antiscience types; and they have managed at least one notable 'achievement': they have got the teaching of astrology into the universities under the guise of 'jyotir vigyan' (astrological 'science').

Update: See this Jayant Narlikar op-ed in today's ToI, where he rails against astrology and vaastu.

Friday, June 03, 2005

Amitabh, reinvented


Around 1980, Neelakantan's uncle predicted that "by the 10th standard, you would have forgotten about him", the 'him' being Amitabh Bachchan. Check out this short analysis of how Amitabh has managed to remain unforgettable in ever newer ways.

Different places, one struggle


From the ongoing saga of women's struggle for equality :

Trust, available now in a bottle


Take a look at this report from yesterday's Hindu. Its byline reads "A research finding with potential uses in therapy — and con jobs". Here are some extracts:

Trust in a bottle? That is what Swiss and American scientists demonstrate in new experiments with a nasal spray containing the hormone, oxytocin. After a few squirts, human subjects were significantly more trusting and willing to invest money with no ironclad promise of a profit.

The researchers acknowledged their findings could be abused by con artists or even sleazy politicians who might sway an election, provided they could squirt enough voters on their way to the polls.

Yup! We now have a new one ...


And, that would be ... a universe, of course!

"It is the biggest thing we have ever done," said Carlos Frenk of the University of Durham, England. "It is probably the biggest thing ever in computational physics. For the first time we have a replica universe which looks just like the real one. So we can now for the first time begin to experiment with the universe.

"Unlike people who study human behaviour, who can study many humans, cosmologists have been stuck with only the one universe. Well, from today we have more than one."

Emphasis mine. The article goes on to describe the kinds of questions that researchers can now pose to this 'virtual universe'. Pretty interesting stuff.

Back to school!


Our soon-to-be-four-years-old son was back to school this morning after what seemed like an eternity of a summer break. And, what is the first thing I see on the internets? This article in Salon.com, which leaves me with a vague, indescribable fear ...

That Salon article can be read with a free pass for a day, if you are willing to see an ad. Link found via Brad DeLong, who of course, called it the 'funniest thing he has read all week'. I guess his kids are all older than two (or three, or four, or ...;-), so he has the luxury of finding it funny...

Thursday, June 02, 2005

Some more of this and that ...


Over at ZooStation, Reuben says he runs into a review, every now and then, that "raises the bar on how to completely trash a movie", and cites this New Yorker review (by Anthony Lane) of Revenge of the Sith as a good example. Talking about trashing someone's work, I found (via Kieran Healy of Crooked Timber) this utter tear-down (by Matt Taibbi) of Tom Friedman's latest book on globalization, The World is Flat.

At Marginal Revolution, Tyler Cowen has a short post explaining that economists are using, in effect, a microscope when they study "one relationship or one mechanism at a time", and concludes "about half of all criticisms of economics boil down to failing to understand the microscope method".

Through MR, I found this great exam paper. At MR, you can find out why Neil Armstrong is suing his barber. If you have the ambition to ever become a Central Banker, you should definitely need to know about this.

[Via Patrix ]: Ten most harmful books selected by some prominent US conservatives. The list includes the usual culprits: Marx, Mao et al. The Kinsey Report figures at No. 4 in this list. At No. 5 is John Dewey's 'Democracy and Education'. From the accompanying commentary, we have this:

"... he disparaged schooling that focused on traditional character development and endowing children with hard knowledge, and encouraged the teaching of thinking 'skills' instead. His views had great influence on the direction of American education--particularly in public schools--and helped nurture the Clinton generation".

You might also find it interesting that Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique makes the Top 10 list, but Simone de Bouvoir's Second Sex gets only an honourable mention. Similarly, Keynes makes it to Top 10, while Darwin gets an honorable mention.

This and that ...


Kamat has an article about India's arranged marriages. In another post, he says, "No discussion of arranged marriages is complete without touching upon the humiliation of the bride's father during the process", and presents a translation of a moving Kannada folk poem. Towards the end of this post, you find a link to a recent article by Anita Jain on a modern Indian woman's struggle with arranged marriage.

Gargi, over at POV, has an informative post on what went wrong with the FM radio revolution that we should all be experiencing -- but are not.

Today's Economic Times has a sensible editorial on the ban of smoking in movies and television shows. In particular, it points out the hypocricy of it all. First, "the government imposes heavy taxes on cigarettes and bans advertising, yet subsidises the cultivation of tobacco with free power, cheap water and financial rescues if the price falls sharply". Second, "while the cigarette industry is excoriated and taxed for being a killer, the bidi industry is subsidised, to kill", because, according to the editorial, the bidis account for an overwhelming part of the smoking market (cigarettes account for only 20 %). Finally, it points out that "smoking is only one of the many sins or hazards. Adultery, rape, corruption, violence, financial exploitation and many other such problems wreck the lives of people", and asks, "ill the government ban all these themes in films because they may glamourise undesirable, hazardous behaviour?" Is there any way to stop this crazy move?

Friday fashion blogging: special Thursday edition


Do you know which Indian scientist said "While in Europe they dress for dinner, we in India undress"? Do you know the other Raman effect? Check out this piece by D. Balasubramanian, a well known academic who has been writing the column, Speaking of Science in the Hindu for a very long time. His latest column is on how the scientists' couture preferences have changed over the years. There are some interesting, light hearted comparisons of natural scientists with social scientists on this sartorial dimension.

Wednesday, June 01, 2005

From the archives of timeless truths


In the previous post, we talked about John Baez, who hosts the column this week's finds in mathematical physics on his website. Seeing his name in Brad's post reminded me of something that I wrote a while ago elsewhere.


In the past, there have been many attempts to explain all physical phenomena -- why, Nature herself -- using One Big Idea: unified field theory, universality, self-organized criticality, and so on. I just became aware of a meme that goes even further.

Take a look at a milder version of this meme (emphasis added by me):

If we think of the universe as passing through the course of history from simplicity to complexity, from neutrinos to nematodes to humans, it's natural to wonder what's at the bottom, where things get very simple, where physics blurs into pure logic.... far from the "spires of form". (emphasis added by me) -- John Baez

Now, this second quote, a rather extended one, is from the book "The Large, the Small and the Human Mind" by none other than Roger Penrose:

...I shall also have [something to say] about another world, the Platonic world of absolutes, in its particular role as the world of mathematical truth. One can well take the view that the 'Platonic world' contains other absolutes, such as the Good and the Beautiful, but I shall be concerned here only with the Platonic concepts of mathematics. Some people find it hard to conceive of this world as existing on its own. They may prefer to think of mathematical concepts merely as idealizations of our physical world -- and, on this view, the mathematical world would be thought of as emerging from the world of physical objects.

Now, this is not how I think of mathematics, nor, I believe, is it how most mathematicians or mathematical physicists think about the world. They think about it in a rather different way, as a structure precisely governed according to timeless mathematical laws. Thus, they prefer to think of the physical world, more appropriately, as emerging out of the ('timeless') world of mathematics. [...]

Here we were, living with this comfortable notion that mathematics is such a nice tool -- rather like a key -- for unlocking and understanding physics. We were even willing (well, sort of) to concede the possibility that mathematics may exist all by itself and be its own master, without being burdened by having to explain anything. Now, along come these wise men, telling us that we got it all backwards. "It is all just mathematics", they seem to suggest, "from whose timeless depths the physical world 'emerges', and into which it 'blurs' when it has done its job".

Fabulous, i'nnit?

Inrerdisciplinary wars


Okay, they are not real wars. But, they are not love, either!

First, we have Eszter Hargittai of Crooked Timber firing the first shot with a complaint that physicists who work on the theory of social networks generally do not pay attention to the work of sociologists in the same field (a subset of social network theory is covered by Malcolm Gladwell's bestseller Tipping Point). Some of the work of the former, sometimes, ends up reproducing results that were discovered by sociologists ages ago. Henry Farrell, another Crooked Timber blogger, asked Cosma Shalizi, a physicist, for his perspective. (Cosma has an excellent blog Three toed sloth, and announced -- I think, for the first time! -- to the world a new way of looking at the US election results using beautiful maps; he is a man with an enormous depth of expertise in an enormously wide range of subjects). Now, you have a nice discussion about interdisciplinary and crossdisciplinary research, and the responsibilities of those who do such research. Much of the discussion is quite accessible to non-experts.

Then we have this tongue in cheek stuff from Brad DeLong about John Baez's attempt to state Einstein's general relativity equation in plain English.